Urologic Disease in Dogs and Cats
De: Vladislav Sobolev
ISBN: 9781394356171
2027, Wiley
Capa dura
Páginas: 487
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Current diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical guidance for canine and feline urology
Urological Diseases of the Dog and Cat is a dedicated urology text that unites diagnostic, medical, and surgical content in a single volume to support informed clinical decisions across the full scope of canine and feline urology. The text includes focused coverage of cystitis, urinary tract infection, urolithiasis, incontinence, bladder and prostate oncology alongside the anatomical and physiological differences between canine and feline patients that influence clinical decision-making.
Beyond core disease chapters, the book details diagnostic imaging methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic protocols for a range of pathogeneses encountered in small animal practice. Clinical cases illustrate key principles, while figures, radiographs, and histologic images reinforce pattern recognition and procedural understanding. Each section balances the underlying science with actionable clinical information for daily use.
Readers will also find:
- Species-specific anatomical and physiological comparisons between dogs and cats relevant to urologic assessment and treatment planning
- Step-by-step surgical approaches for common urologic procedures supported by detailed illustrations and clinical case discussions
- Radiographic and histologic image sets that strengthen diagnostic accuracy across a spectrum of urologic pathologies in small animals
- Guidance on selecting and interpreting contemporary diagnostic methods for lower and upper urinary tract disease in practice
- Therapeutic decision frameworks addressing pharmacologic, dietary, and interventional management options for recurring urologic conditions
Designed for veterinary surgeons, this text also serves practicing veterinarians seeking current urologic references and students or researchers building specialized knowledge.
Chapter 1. Anatomical and physiological differences in the urinary system and some parts of canine and feline genitourinary system
1.1. General information
1.2. Kidney
1.3. Ureter
1.4. Urinary bladder
1.5. Urethra
1.6. Prostate gland
1.7. Bulbourethral gland
Chapter 2. Urinary tract infection (UTIs)
2.1. General information
2.2. Canine urinary tract infection
2.2.1. Epidemiology
2.2.2. Etiopathogenesis
2.2.2.1. Etiopathogenesis of canine bacterial UTIs
2.2.2.2. Etiopathogenesis of canine fungal UTIs
2.2.2.3. Etiopathogenesis of canine viral UTIs
2.2.3. Diagnosis
2.2.3.1. Diagnosis of canine bacterial UTIs
2.2.3.2. Diagnosis of canine fungal UTIs
2.2.3.3. Diagnosis of canine viral UTIs
2.2.4. Treatment
2.2.4.1. Treatment of canine bacterial UTIs
2.2.4.1.1. Treatment of canine Uncomplicated UTIs
2.2.4.1.2. Treatment of canine сomplicated UTIs
2.2.4.1.3. Treatment of canine Upper UTIs (Pyelonephritis)
2.2.4.1.4. Treatment of canine UTIs with multidrug-resistant pathogens
2.2.4.2. Treatment of canine fungal UTIs
2.2.4.3. Treatment of canine viral UTIs
2.3. Feline urinary tract infection
2.3.1. Epidemiology
2.3.2. Etiopathogenesis
2.3.2.2. Etiopathogenesis of feline bacterial UTIs
2.3.2.3. Etiopathogenesis of feline fungal UTIs
2.3.2.4. Etiopathogenesis of feline viral UTIs
2.3.3. Diagnosis
2.3.3.1. Diagnosis of feline bacterial UTIs
2.3.3.2. Diagnosis of feline fungal UTIs
2.3.3.3. Diagnosis of feline viral UTIs
2.3.4. Treatment
2.3.4.1. Treatment of feline bacterial UTIs
2.3.4.2. Treatment of fungal feline UTIs
2.3.4.2. Treatment of fungal feline UTIs
Chapter 3. Cystitis
3.1. General information
3.2. Сauses of bladder inflammation
3.2.1. Microorganisms
3.2.2. Bladder trauma
3.2.3. Immune disorders
3.2.4. Stress
3.2.5. Ionizing radiation
3.2.6. Medicines
3.2.6.1. Cyclophosphamide
3.2.6.2. Ketamine
3.2.6.3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)
3.3. Canine cystitis
3.3.1. Epidemiology
3.3.2. Etiology of infectious canine cystitis
3.3.3. Pathogenesis of canine infectious cystitis
3.3.4. Common Types of Canine Cystitis
3.3.4.1. Polypoid cystitis (PoC)
3.3.4.2. Canine Eosinophilic cystitis
3.3.4.3. Canine Hemorrhagic cystitis
3.3.4.4. Canine Emphysematous Cystitis (EC)
3.3.4.5. Canine ossifying cystitis
3.3.4.6. Canine follicular cystitis
3.3.4.6. Canine pseudomembranous cystitis
3.3.5. Diagnosis
3.3.6. Treatment
3.4. Feline cystitis
3.4.1. Epidemiology of feline cystitis
3.4.2. Etiology, pathogenesis and Common Types of feline cystitis
3.4.2.1. Microorganisms
3.4.2.2. Glandular cystitis (CG)
3.4.2.3. Bladder trauma
3.4.2.4. Feline Pseudomembranous Cystitis (PC)
3.4.2.5. Feline Idiopathic (Interstitial) Cystitis (FIC)
3.4.2.5.1. Epidemiology
3.4.2.5.2. Risk Factors
3.4.2.5.3. Etiological factors
3.4.2.5.4. Pathogenesis
3.4.2.5.5. Clinical signs
3.4.2.5.6. Diagnosis
3.4.2.5.7. Treatment
Chapter 4. Urolithiasis
4.1. General information
4.2. General etiology of urolithiasis
4.3. Modern theories of urolith formation
4.4. The main types of crystalline elements of urine sediment
4.5. Some types of uroliths in dogs and cats and their morphology
4.6. Canine urolithiasis
4.6.1. Epidemiology
4.6.1.1. Epidemiology of canine struvite urolithiasis
4.6.1.2. Epidemiology of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis
4.6.1.3. Epidemiology of canine calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.6.1.4. Epidemiology of canine carbonate-apatite uroliths
4.6.1.5. Epidemiology of canine brushite uroliths
4.6.1.6. Epidemiology of canine urate urolithiasis
4.6.1.7. Epidemiology of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.1.8. Epidemiology of canine xanthine urolithiasis
4.6.1.9. Epidemiology of canine silicate urolithiasis
4.6.1.10. Epidemiology of canine drug-induced urolithiasis
4.6.1.11. Epidemiology of canine mixed and compaund uroliths
4.6.2. Etiology and pathogenesis
4.6.2.1. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine struvite urolithiasis
4.6.2.2. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine oxalate urolithiasis
4.6.2.3. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.6.2.4. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine urate urolithiasis
4.6.2.5. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.2.6. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine xanthine urolithiasis
4.6.2.7. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine silicate urolithiasis
4.6.2.8. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine drug-induced urolithiasis
4.6.3. Clinical signs
4.6.3.1. Obstructive urolithiasis
4.6.3.2. Non-obstructive urolithiasis
4.6.4. Diagnosis: main principles and methods
4.6.4.1. Diagnosis of canine struvite urolithiasis
4.6.4.2. Diagnosis of canine oxalate urolithiasis
4.6.4.3. Diagnosis of canine calcium phosphate
4.6.4.4. Diagnosis of canine urate urolithiasis
4.6.4.5. Diagnosis of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.4.6. Diagnosis of canine xanthine urolithiasis
4.6.4.7. Diagnosis of canine silicate urolithiasis
4.6.4.8. Diagnosis of canine drug-induced urolithiasis
4.6.5. Treatment of canine urolithiasis
4.6.5.1. Non-surgery treatment of canine urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.1. Medicine treatment for canine ureteral obstruction
4.6.5.1.2. Urohydropropulsion
4.6.5.1.3. Retrograde urohydropropulsion
4.6.5.1.4. Percutaneous cystostomy
4.6.5.1.5. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
4.6.5.1.6. Cystoscopy for removal of canine uroliths
4.6.5.1.7. Laser lithotripsy for treatment of canine uroliths
4.6.5.1.8. Non-surgery treatment of canine struvite urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.9. Non-surgery treatment of canine oxalate urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.10. Non-surgery treatment of canine phosphorus-calcium urolithiasis urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.11. Non-surgery treatment of canine urate urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.12. Non-surgery treatment of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.13. Non-surgery treatment of canine xanthine urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.14. Non-surgery treatment of canine silicate urolithiasis
4.6.5.1.15. Non-surgery treatment of canine drug-induced urolithiasis
4.6.5.2. Surgical Management of canine urolithiasis
4.6.5.2.1. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Endoscopic nephrolithotomy (PCNL, ENL)
4.6.5.2.2. Nephrotomy and pyelotomy
4.6.5.2.3. Surgical Treatments for Canine ureteral obstruction
4.6.5.2.3.1. Ureterotomy in dogs for ureteral obstruction
4.6.5.2.3.2. Ureteral stenting in dogs
4.6.5.2.3.3. Cystotomy
4.6.5.2.3.3.1. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy (LAC)
4.6.5.2.3.3.2. Open cystotomy (OC)
4.6.5.2.3.4. Urethrotomy and urethrostomy in dogs
4.6.5.2.3.4.1. Urethrotomy in dogs
4.6.5.2.3.4.2. Urethrostomy in dogs
4.6.6. Prevention of canine urolithiasis
4.6.6.1. Prevention of canine struvite urolithiasis
4.6.6.2. Prevention of canine oxalate urolithiasis
4.6.6.3. Prevention of canine calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.6.6.4. Prevention of canine urate urolithiasis
4.6.6.5. Prevention of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.6.5. Prevention of canine cystine urolithiasis
4.6.6.6. Prevention of canine xanthine urolithiasis
4.6.6.7. Prevention of canine silicate urolithiasis
4.7. Feline urolithiasis
4.7.1. Epidemiology
4.7.1.1. Epidemiology of feline urolithiasis in the Russian Federation
4.7.1.2. Epidemiology of feline urethral plugs (UP)
4.7.1.3. Epidemiology of feline struvite urolithiasis
4.7.1.4. Epidemiology of feline oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.1.5. Epidemiology of feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.7.1.6. Epidemiology of feline urate urolithiasis
4.7.1.7. Epidemiology of feline cystine urolithiasis
4.7.1.8. Epidemiology of feline xanthine urolithiasis
4.7.2. Etiology and pathogenesis
4.7.2.1. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline urethral plugs
4.7.2.2. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline struvite urolithiasis
4.7.2.3. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.2.4. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.7.2.5. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline urate urolithiasis
4.7.2.6. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline cystine urolithiasis
4.7.2.7. Etiology and pathogenesis of feline xanthine urolithiasis
4.7.3. Clinical signs
4.7.4. Diagnosis: main principles and methods
4.7.4.1. Physical examination
4.7.4.2. Urinalysis
4.7.4.2.1. Microbiological analysis of urine
4.7.4.3. Blood tests
4.7.4.4. Diagnostic imaging
4.7.4.4.1. Plain radiography
4.7.4.4.2. Contrast radiography
4.7.4.4.3. Ultrasound diagnostic of the feline urolithiasis
4.7.4.4.4. Computed tomography (CT).
4.7.4.4.5. Chemical analysis of uroliths.
4.7.4.5. Diagnosis of feline urethral plugs
4.7.4.6. Diagnosis of feline struvite urolithiasis
4.7.4.7. Diagnosis of feline oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.4.8. Diagnosis of feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.7.4.9. Diagnosis of feline urate urolithiasis
4.7.4.10. Diagnosis of feline cystine urolithiasis
4.7.4.11. Diagnosis of feline xanthine urolithiasis
4.7.5. Treatment of feline urolithiasis
4.7.5.1. Non-surgery treatment of feline urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.1. Non-surgical treatment for feline ureteral obstruction
4.7.5.1.2. Non-surgical treatment options for feline urethral obstruction (UO)
4.7.5.1.2.1. Pharmacotherapy for feline urethral obstruction
4.7.5.1.2.2. Anesthesia and analgesia
4.7.5.1.2.3. Cystocentesis
4.7.5.1.2.4. Retrograde urethral catheterisation
4.7.5.1.2.5. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
4.7.5.1.2.6. Non-surgical treatment of feline struvite urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.2.7. Non-surgical treatment of feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.2.8. Non-surgical treatment of feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.2.9. Non-surgical treatment of feline urate urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.2.10. Non-surgical treatment of feline cystine urolithiasis
4.7.5.1.2.11. Non-surgical treatment of feline xanthine urolithiasis
4.7.5.2. Surgical treatment for feline urolithiasis
4.7.5.2.1. Nephrotomy
4.7.5.2.2. Endoscopic nephrolithotomy (ENL)
4.7.5.2.3. Surgical Treatment for feline Ureteral Obstruction
4.7.5.2.3.1. Ureterotomy and ureteroneocystotomy
4.7.5.2.3.2. Ureteral stenting
4.7.5.2.3.3. Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB)
4.7.5.3.3. Cystotomy
4.7.5.3.3.1. Open cystotomy
4.7.5.3.3.2. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy
4.7.5.3.4. Perineal urethrostomy
4.7.6. Prevention of feline urolithiasis
4.7.6.1. Prevention of the formation of urethral plugs and urethral obstructions
4.7.6.2. Prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis
4.7.6.3. Prevention of feline oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.6.3.1. Dietary prevention
4.7.6.3.2. Drug prevention of feline oxalate urolithiasis
4.7.6.4. Prevention of feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis
4.7.6.5. Prevention of feline urate urolithiasis
4.7.6.6. Prevention of feline cystine urolithiasis
4.7.6.7. Prevention of feline xanthine urolithiasis
Chapter 5. Urinary incontinence
5.1. General information
5.2. The main causes of urinary incontinence
5.3. Diagnosis: main principles and methods
5.3.1. Physical examination
5.3.2. Laboratory tests
5.3.3. Diagnostic imaging
5.3.4. Urodynamic tests
5.4. Canine Urinary incontinence
5.4.1. Urinary incontinence in puppies and juvenile dogs
5.4.1.1. Embryonic developmental anomalies
5.4.1.1.2. Ectopic ureter
5.4.1.1.3. Hypoplasia of the kidneys and bladder
5.4.1.1.4. Congenital neurological anomalies
5.4.1.1.5. Other abnormalities associated with urinary incontinence
5.4.2. Urinary incontinence in adult dogs
5.4.2.1. Incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism (USMI)
5.4.2.1.1. Epidemiology of canine USMI
5.4.2.1.2. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine USMI
5.4.2.1.3. Diagnosis of canine USMI
5.4.2.1.4. Pharmacotherapy of canine USMI
5.4.2.1.5.1. Pharmacotherapy of USMI in female dogs
5.4.2.1.5.2. Pharmacotherapy of USMI in male dogs
5.4.2.1.5.3. Plastic and surgical correction of USMI in dogs
5.5. Feline Urinary Incontinence
5.5.1. Epidemiology
5.5.2. Etiology and Pathogenesis
5.5.3. Diagnosis
5.5.4. Treatment
5.5.4.1. Surgical Treatment
Chapter 6. Urinary tract injuries
6.1. General information
6.1.1. Types of Injuries
6.1.1.1. Bladder Rupture
6.1.1.2. Urethral Injuries
6.1.1.3. Uroabdomen
6.2. Epidemiology
6.3. Clinical signs
6.4. Diagnosis
6.4.1. Laboratory tests
6.4.2. Imaging Techniques
6.4.5. Treatment
6.4.6. Prognosis
Chapter 7. Prostatic disease and disorders
7.1. General information
7.2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
7.2.1. Epidemiology of BPH in dogs
7.2.2. Etiology and pathogenesis of BPH in dogs
7.2.3. Clinical signs of BPH in dogs
7.2.4. Diagnosis of BPH in dogs
7.2.4.1. Physical examination
7.2.4.2. Urinalysis and Sperm analysis
7.2.4.3. Blood Tests
7.2.4.4. Prostatic washing, cytological analysis and cultivation of prostatic fluid
7.2.4.5. Ultrasonography
7.2.4.6. Radiography
7.2.4.7. Prostate biopsy. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
7.2.5. Treatment of BPH in dogs
7.3. Prostatitis
7.3.1. Canine prostatitis
7.3.1.1. Epidemiology
7.3.1.2. Etiology and pathogenesis
7.3.1.3. Clinical signs
7.3.1.3.1. Clinical signs of acute prostatitis
7.3.1.3.2. Clinical signs of chronic prostatitis
7.3.1.4. Diagnosis
7.3.1.4.1. Physical examination
7.3.1.4.2. Urinalysis
7.3.1.4.3. Bacteriological examination of urine, sperm analysis and prostate secretion
7.3.1.4.4. Blood Tests
7.3.1.4.5. Ultrasonography
7.3.1.4.6. Radiography
7.3.1.4.7. Prostate biopsy. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). Histology
7.3.1.5. Treatment
7.3.1.5.1. Treatment of acute prostatitis
7.3.1.5.2. Treatment of chronic prostatitis
7.3.2. Feline prostatitis
7.3.2.1. Epidemiology
7.3.2.2. Etiology and pathogenesis
7.3.2.3. Clinical signs
7.3.2.4. Diagnosis
7.3.2.5. Treatment
7.3.2.6. Prognosis
7.4. Prostatic Cysts and Abscesses
7.4.1. Prostatic Cysts
7.4.1.1. Epidemiology of canine prostatic cysts
7.4.1.2. Clinical signs
7.4.1.3. Diagnosis
7.4.1.4. Management and Treatment
7.4.1.4.1. Surgical Resection
7.4.1.4.2. Medical Management
7.4.1.5. Prognosis
7.4.2. Prostatic abscesses
7.4.2.1. Epidemiology of canine prostatic abscesses
7.4.2.2. Clinical signs
7.4.2.3. Diagnosis
7.4.2.4. Management and Treatment
7.4.2.5. Prognosis
Chapter 8. Prostatic, bladder and urethral tumors
8.1. Canine prostate cancer (PCa)
8.1.1. Epidemiology
8.1.2. Etiology and pathogenesis
8.1.3. Clinical signs
8.1.4. Diagnosis
8.1.5. Management and treatment
8.1.5.1. Treatment of Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAC)
8.1.5.2. Treatment of Prostate Transitional Cell Carcinoma (UC)
8.1.6. Prognosis
8.2. Feline prostate cancer (PCa)
8.2.1. Epidemiology
8.2.2. Clinical signs
8.2.3. Diagnosis
8.2.4. Management and treatment
8.2.5. Prognosis
8.3. Canine bladder and urethral tumors
8.3.1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma (UC)
8.3.1.1. Epidemiology and risk factors
8.3.1.2. Pathogenesis
8.3.1.3. Clinical signs
8.3.1.4. Diagnosis
8.3.1.5. Management and Treatment
8.3.1.6. Prognosis
8.3.2. Other canine bladder and urethral tumors
8.3.2.1. Undifferentiated bladder carcinoma (UBC)
8.3.2.2. Adenocarcinoma
8.3.2.3. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
8.3.2.4. Papilloma
8.3.2.5. Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
8.3.2.6. Rhabdomyosarcoma
8.3.2.7. Fibromas and fibrosarcomas
8.3.2.8. Hemangiosarcoma (HSA)
8.4. Feline bladder and urethral tumors
8.4.1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC / UC)
8.4.1.1. Epidemiology and risk factors
8.4.1.2. Pathogenesis
8.4.1.3. Clinical signs
8.4.1.4. Diagnosis
8.4.1.5. Treatment
8.4.1.6. Prognosis
8.4.2. Lymphoma
8.4.3. Fibrosarcoma
8.4.4. Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
8.4.5. Hemangiosarcomas (HSA)
8.4.6. Papilloma
List of abbreviations
Index
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Vladislav E. Sobolev, DVM, PhD
Is a leading researcher at the I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He holds a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree in internal medicine and a PhD in biology with a focus on animal pathology and morphology. Previously, he served as a leading researcher in the Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology and Experimental Therapy at the Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology, and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, and as an assistant professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, bringing extensive experience in veterinary clinical science and translational research.