• Pharmacognosy, the science of nature-derived drugs, pharmaceuticals, and poisons, played a crucial role in the development of modern medicine, and now has an equally important place in healthcare all over the world. This wide scope ranges from traditional medicine systems and herbal and nutritional therapies, the preparation and use of highly standardised and clinically tested herbal medicines, to the production of potent drugs used only in a purified form. Natural sources mainly focus on plants, fungi and algae, but drug discovery of novel compounds and structures includes bacteria and even marine animals.

    Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy is a landmark textbook that covers this spectrum of medicinal plant use. Written by leading experts in this field, this book takes the reader through the history, identification, and quality assurance of plant-based medicines to their therapeutic properties, safety, and compatibility and interaction with prescribed drugs.

    Aimed at students of all healthcare professions, including pharmacy, medicine, nursing and complementary therapies, the comprehensively updated information in this textbook is also relevant to those companies and organisations concerned with the regulation and testing of herbal medicines (phytomedicines), other natural health products, nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.

    New to this edition

    • Antimicrobial natural products: as antibiotics and antiseptics, and their potential as bacterial resistance modifiers
    • Anticancer natural products: scope now includes their role in chemoprevention and associated anti-inflammatory mechanisms
    • New chapter on pharmacovigilance for herbal medicines and related products
    • Quality assurance and pharmacopoeial methods extended, with many new figures and examples
    • Plant medicines of recent scientific interest (popularity, or notoriety) added throughout
    • An enhanced eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customise your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

    Key Features

    • Introduces the concepts and scope of pharmacognosy
    • Examines the scientific evidence of plant-based medicines for a range of health conditions
    • Extended and updated referencing includes recent reviews, WHO and official documents (open access where available) for quick access to further scientific literature

    • Instructions for online access

    • Cover image

    • Title page

    • Disclaimer

    • Table of Contents

    • Copyright

    • Foreword

    • Foreword

    • Preface

    • Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy

    • Section 1. Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy

    • 1. Importance of Plants in Modern Pharmacy and Medicine

    • Introduction

    • Types of Drugs Derived From Plants

    • 2. Pharmacognosy and Its History: People, Plants and Natural Products

    • Sources of Information

    • Medical Herbalism

    • Section 2. Plant Drugs

    • 3. General Principles of Botany: Morphology and Systematics

    • Plants and Drugs

    • Taxonomy

    • Morphology and Anatomy of Higher Plants (Spermatophyta)

    • 4. Plant Families Yielding Important Medicines

    • Angiosperms (MagnoliOphyta)

    • Gymnosperms

    • 5. Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology

    • Ethnobotany

    • Ethnopharmacology

    • Ethnopharmacology and the Convention on Biological Diversity (Convention of Rio)

    • Bioprospecting and Ethnopharmacology

    • Examples of Modern Ethnopharmacological Studies

    • Conclusion

    • Section 3. Natural Products: An Introduction

    • 6. Natural Product Chemistry

    • Primary and Secondary Plant Metabolism

    • Classes of Natural Products from Different Biosynthetic Pathways

    • Shikimic-Acid-Derived Natural Products

    • Terpenes

    • The Glycosides

    • Alkaloids

    • 7. Analytical Methods for Natural Products

    • Preparation and Liquid Extraction

    • Analytical Techniques in Natural Products Chemistry

    • Chromatographic Techniques

    • Fingerprinting Extracts

    • Current Trends in Natural Products Chemical Analysis

    • 8. Natural Product Isolation and Structure Elucidation

    • Initial Fractionation Methods

    • Structure Elucidation

    • Approaches to Drug Lead Discovery

    • 9. Natural Products With Anticancer and Chemopreventive Effects

    • Cancer Chemoprevention

    • Anticancer Natural Product Drugs

    • Marine Anticancer Natural Products

    • 10. Antimicrobial Natural Products

    • INTRODUCTION

    • ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

    • PLANT BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIALS

    • ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

    • LEISHMANIASIS

    • MALARIA

    • Section 4. Herbal Medicinal Products

    • 11. The Complex Pharmacology of Herbal Medicines

    • Measuring Synergistic, Additive and Antagonistic Effects

    • Single-Herb Preparations

    • Multiherb Preparations

    • Implications of Multifactorial Effects

    • 12. Production, Quality Control and Standardisation of Herbal Medicines

    • PRODUCTION

    • EXTRACTS

    • NEW METHODS FOR QUALITY ASSURING HERBAL PRODUCTS

    • CONCLUSIONS

    • 13. Toxicity of Herbal Constituents

    • Occurrence In Herbal Medicines

    • Processing as A Means of Detoxification

    • 14. Herbal Medicine Interactions

    • INTRODUCTION

    • MECHANISMS OF HERBAL MEDICINE INTERACTIONS

    • PHARMACOGENOMICS AND PHARMACOGENETICS

    • EVALUATING HERBAL MEDICINE INTERACTIONS

    • RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HERBAL MEDICINE INTERACTIONS

    • CONCLUSIONS

    • 15. Regulation and Pharmacovigilance for Herbal Medicines

    • CHARACTERISTICS OF REGULATION FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

    • PHARMACOVIGILANCE FOR HERBAL MEDICINES

    • 16. Plants in Traditional Medicine Systems

    • INTRODUCTION

    • 16.1 Western Herbal Medicine and Phytotherapy

    • 16.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Kampo

    • 16.3 Asian Traditional Medicine: Ayurveda, Siddha, Jamu and Unani

    • 16.4 Traditional African Medicine

    • 16.5 Indigenous Medicine of the Americas

    • 16.6 Traditional Medicine in Australasia

    • 17. Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Plant Therapies

    • HOMOEOPATHY

    • ANTHROPOSOPHICAL MEDICINE

    • AROMATHERAPY

    • FLOWER REMEDIES

    • GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

    • Part B. Important Plant Medicines

    • Introduction

    • Introduction

    • 18. The Gastrointestinal and Biliary System

    • Introduction

    • Diarrhoea

    • Constipation

    • Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Conditions: Gastritis and Ulcers

    • Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Conditions

    • Dyspepsia and Biliousness

    • Nausea and Vomiting

    • Bloating and Flatulence

    • Liver Disease

    • 19. The Cardiovascular System

    • HEART FAILURE AND ARRHYTHMIAS

    • VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY AND CIRCULATORY DISORDERS

    • ANTIPLATELET AND ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC DRUGS

    • 20. Weight-Loss Supplements

    • BITTER ORANGE, CITRUS × AURANTIUM L. (RUTACEAE) †

    • CHILLI PEPPERS, CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L. AND OTHERS (SOLANACEAE)†

    • GREEN COFFEE BEAN, COFFEA ARABICA L. AND OTHER VARIETIES (RUBIACEAE)

    • HOODIA, HOODIA GORDONII (MASSON) SWEET EX DECNE. AND RELATED SPECIES (APOCYNACEAE)

    • GARCINIA, GARCINIA GUMMI-GUTTA (L.) N. Robson (CLUSIACEAE)

    • KELP, BLADDERWRACK FUCUS VESICULOSUS L., FUCUS SERRATUS L., ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM (L.) LE JOLIS (FUCACEAE)†

    • 21. The Respiratory System

    • ANTIALLERGICS

    • BRONCHODILATORS AND DECONGESTANTS

    • Expectorants and Mucolytics

    • Cough Suppressants

    • Herbal Medicines Used in Colds and Influenza—Demulcents and Emollients

    • GENERAL HERBAL MEDICINES USED IN COLDS AND INFLUENZA—ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS

    • IMMUNOSTIMULANTS

    • 22. The Central Nervous System

    • HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES

    • ANTIDEPRESSANTS

    • STIMULANTS

    • MIGRAINE

    • DRUGS USED FOR COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT AND IN DEMENTIA

    • ANTIEPILEPTICS

    • CANNABIDIOL

    • 23. The Musculoskeletal System

    • DRUGS USED IN ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATISM AND MUSCLE PAIN

    • GOUT

    • TOPICAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS

    • 24. Female Hormonal and Reproductive Conditions

    • MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS

    • PHYTOESTROGENS

    • POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS

    • Kudzu, Pueraria Spp.†

    • PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH

    • 25. The Male Reproductive System

    • BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

    • Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

    • ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

    • Male Fertility and Libido Enhancers

    • 26. Supportive Therapies for Stress, Ageing, Cancer and Debility

    • Cancer Chemoprevention

    • Cancer Support

    • Tonics, Stimulants, Adaptogens and Supportive Therapies

    • Superfoods

    • 27. Topical Phytotherapy: Skin, Hair, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat

    • DRY AND ITCHY SKIN CONDITIONS, DERMATITIS AND ECZEMA

    • INFLAMMATORY SKIN CONDITIONS

    • ORAL AND THROAT IRRITATION

    • WOUND HEALING

    • TOPICAL INSECTICIDAL AGENTS

    • HEAD LICE

    • ANNEX

    • ANNEX A. Naming Herbal Drugs: Pharmaceutical (Latinised), Common English and Accepted Botanical Names (Binomials) and Synonyms

    • Index

  • Michael Heinrich

    By Michael Heinrich, Dr rer nat habil MA(WSU) Dipl. Biol. FLS, Professor of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy and Head of Centre for Pharma & Bio Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK

    Affiliations and expertise

    Professor and Head of Centre for Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK

    Joanne Barnes

    Affiliations and expertise

    Associate Professor in Herbal Medicines, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, New Zealand

    José Prieto-Garcia

    José Prieto-Garcia, Associate Professor in Natural Products and Phytochemistry at Liverpool John Moores University, UK

    Affiliations and expertise

    Lecturer in Pharmacognosy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK

    Simon Gibbons

    Affiliations and expertise

    Professor of Natural Product Chemistry at the University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy UK Simon Gibbons, BSc MRSC CChem PhD FLS, Professor of Natural Product Chemistry at the University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy UK

    Elizabeth M. Williamson

    Elizabeth M. Williamson, BSc(Pharm) PhD MRPharmS FLS, Emerita Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK; former Editor-in-chief – now a Senior Editor of Phytotherapy Research; Member of the Herbal Drugs Committees for The British Pharmacopoeia

    Affiliations and expertise

    Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK; Editor-in-chief of Phytotherapy Research; Member of the Herbal Drugs Committees for The British Pharmacopoeia and The European Pharmacopoeia Professor of Pharmacy and Director of Pharmacy Practice

Veterinary Clinics of North America
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