Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 1st Edition

• Cover image

• Title page

• Table of Contents

• Copyright

• Contributors

• Forthcoming Issues

• Preface

• Etiology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs

• Key points

• Introduction

• Classification and description

• Underlying risk factors

• Pathophysiology

• Future perspectives on precision diabetes management

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Disclosures

• Pathophysiology of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Diabetic Remission in Cats

• Key points

• Introduction

• Diabetes mellitus in cats

• Factors contributing to diabetes mellitus development in cats

• Prediabetes in cats

• Diabetic remission in cats

• Glucose tolerance in diabetic remission

• Disclosure

• Supplementary data

• Diabetes Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome in Companion Animals

• Key points

• Definitions

• Demographics

• Ketogenesis

• Predisposition and pathogenesis of diabetes ketoacidosis and euglycemic diabetes ketoacidosis

• Predisposition and pathogenesis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

• Predisposition and pathogenesis of hyperosmolar diabetes ketoacidosis

• Clinical history of diabetes ketoacidosis in dogs and cats

• Physical examination findings

• Clinical diagnosis of diabetes ketoacidosis

• Other diagnostic tests

• Clinical management of diabetes ketoacidosis

• Outcome of dogs and cats with diabetes ketoacidosis

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Glucose Counterregulation: Clinical Consequences of Impaired Sympathetic Responses in Diabetic Dogs and Cats

• Key points

• Introduction

• Frequency of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs and cats

• Clinical signs of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs and cats

• Glucagon responses to hypoglycemia are largely mediated by activation of the autonomic nervous system

• Impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus

• The “Somogyi effect”: time to let it go

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Diabetes Mellitus and the Kidneys

• Key points

• Introduction

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Declaration of Interests

• Anesthetic Considerations in Dogs and Cats with Diabetes Mellitus

• Key points

• Introduction

• Anesthetic considerations and management

• Disclosure

• Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Dogs and Cats: Application of New Technology to an Old Problem

• Key points

• Introduction

• Continuous glucose monitoring systems

• Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems

• New Technologies

• Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Routine Clinical Practice: Published Evidence

• Future perspective

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Supplementary data

• Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 1: General Principles

• Key points

• Introduction

• The choice of insulin depends on the specific clinical scenario

• Pathophysiology: insulin requirements on the diabetes spectrum

• Principles of insulin pharmacology

• Compliance, adherence, convenience, and cost

• Goals of therapy for the specific patient

• Clinics care points

• Declaration of Interests

• Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 2: Cats

• Key points

• Introduction

• Pathophysiology: insulin requirements on the diabetes spectrum

• Timing of insulin injection in conjunction with feeding

• Glucose variability in different strategies of insulin therapy

• Goals of therapy for the specific patient

• Guidelines for choosing insulin formulations

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 3: Dogs

• Key points

• Introduction

• Insulin physiology and pathophysiology

• Managing Inappetence and Gastrointestinal Signs

• Goals of therapy for the specific patient

• Formulation-specific considerations

• KeyPoints

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Nutritional Management of Cats and Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus

• Key points

• Introduction

• Summary

• Declaration of Interests

• The Future of Diabetes Therapies: New Insulins and Insulin Delivery Systems, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogs, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors, and Beta Cell Replacement Therapy

• Key points

• Introduction

• Ultra-long-acting insulins

• Glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies

• Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors

• Non-injectable insulins

• Continuous insulin infusion

• Smart insulin

• Beta cell replacement therapy

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Hypersomatotropism and Other Causes of Insulin Resistance in Cats

• Key points

• Introduction

• Lack of glucose response to insulin-true insulin resistance

• Hypersomatotropism

• Prevalence and cause

• Clinical presentation

• Characteristics of diabetes mellitus secondary to hypersomatotropism

• Diagnosis

• Insulin-like growth factor-1 dynamics and impact on diagnosis

• Imaging

• Treatment

• Prognosis

• Hypercortisolism

• Prevalence and etiology

• Clinical presentation and characteristics of diabetes mellitus secondary to hypercortisolism

• Diagnosis

• Imaging

• Treatment options for hypercortisolism

• Medical treatment (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)

• Hypophysectomy (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)

• Unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy (adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)

• Radiation therapy (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)

• Quality of life and prognosis

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

• Cushing’s Syndrome and Other Causes of Insulin Resistance in Dogs

• Key points

• Insulin resistance

• Cushing syndrome

• The effect of Cushing-associated dysglycemia in diabetic dogs

• Diagnosis of canine hypercortisolism

• Diestrus

• Obesity

• Summary

• Clinics care points

• Disclosure

Thomas K. Graves

Affiliations and expertise

Professor & Dean, MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY, College of Veterinary Medicine

Chen Gilor

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida