• Specialist reference with practical guidance on liver pathology in a clinical and anatomical context

    Canine and Feline Liver Cytology is a practical and highly illustrated manual with detailed descriptions of cytological features of hepatic diseases and numerous high-quality illustrations to aid in reader comprehension. The primary aim of the text is to describe the correlation of cytological findings with pathological processes in order to provide useful information to clinicians in management of hepatic diseases.

    Canine and Feline Liver Cytology includes information on:

    • General bases for interpretation of hepatic cytology, covering limits of cytology, value of cytology for a definitive diagnosis, and relationship with clinical data
    • A specific reversible injury to hepatocytes, covering hepatocellular swelling, steroid induced hepatopathy, hepatocellular steatosis, and feathery degeneration
    • Irreversible injury to hepatocytes, covering necrosis and apoptosis, and inflammation, covering neutrophilic, eosinophilic, macrophagic, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
    • Intra and extracytoplasmic pathologic accumulation, covering lipofuscin, copper, iron, eosinophilic granules, protein droplet, bile, and amyloid
    • Chronic hepatic diseases, with focus on cytological features of fibrosis
    • Diseases of biliary tract and gallbladder
    • Neoplastic diseases, covering epithelial, mesenchymal and round cell tumors

    Canine and Feline Liver Cytology enables readers to interpret all the cytopathological changes in liver pathology and the relationship with clinical primary and secondary causes, eventually with histopathological diagnosis, making it a highly valuable resource for veterinary practitioners and students.

  • 1 Before the analysis. Rules for interpretation of hepatic cytology

    1.1 The rules for cytological diagnosis of hepatic diseases

    1.1.1 Rule 1

    1.1.2 Rule 2

    1.1.3 Rule 3

    1.1.4 Rule 4

    1.1.5 Rule 5

    1.1.6 Rule 6

    1.1.7 Rule 7

    1.2 Diagnostic approach to liver disease

    1.2.1 Clinical and anamnestic signs

    1.2.2 Hematochemical investigations

    1.2.2.1 Pathological bases of liver damage

    1.2.2.2 Diagnosis of liver damage

    1.2.2.3 Useful enzymes for the recognition of damage to the hepatocyte and cholangiocyte

    1.2.2.4 Liver failure diagnosis

    1.2.2.5 Parameters of liver failure

    1.2.3 Ultrasonographic investigation

    1.2.4 Cytological and histopathological investigation

    1.2.4.1 Sample collection

    1.2.4.2 Cytological approach to hepatic diseases

    1.3 To rimember

    2 Normal Histology and Cytology of the liver

    2.1 Normal liver histology

    2.2 Normal cytology of the liver

    2.2.1 Hepatocytes

    2.2.2 Kupffer cells

    2.2.3 Stellate cells

    2.2.4 Cholangiocytes (biliary cells)

    2.2.6 Hepatic mast cells

    2.2.7 Hematopoietic cells

    2.2.8 Mesothelial cells

    2.3 To rimember

    3 Non-specific and reversible hepatocellular damage

    3.1 Accumulation of water

    3.2 Accumulation of glycogen

    3.3 Accumulation of lipids

    3.4 Accumulation of bilirubin and bile salts

    3.5 Hyperplasia of stellate cells

    3.6 Regenerative changes

    3.7 To rimember

    4 Intra and extra-cytoplasmic pathological accumulation

    4.1 Pathological intracytoplasmic accumulation

    4.1.1. Lipofuscin

    4.1.2 Copper

    4.1.3 Iron and hemosiderin

    4.1.4 Protein droplets

    4.1.5 Cytoplasmic granular eosinophilic material

    4.1.6. Hepatic lysosomal storage disorders

    4.2 Pathological extracytoplasmic accumulations

    4.2.1 Bile

    4.2.2 Amyloid

    4.3 To remember

    5 Irreversible hepatocellular damage

    5.1 Necrosis

    5.2 Apoptosis

    5.3 To remember

    6 Inflammation

    6.1 Presence of neutrophilic granulocyte

    6.2 Presence of eosinophilic granulocytes

    6.3 Presence of lymphocytes and plasmacells

    6.4 Presence of macrophages

    6.5 Presence of mast cells

    6.6 To remember

    7 Nuclear inclusions

    7.1 “Brick” inclusions

    7.2 Glycogen pseudo-inclusions

    7.3 Lead inclusions

    7.4 Viral inclusions

    7.5 To remember

    8 Cytological features of liver fibrosis

    8.1 Cytological features of liver fibrosis

    8.2 To remember

    9 Cytological Features of biliary diseases

    9.1 General features of biliary diseases

    9.2 Cytological features of some specific biliary diseases

    9.2.1 Acute and chronic cholestasis

    9.2.2 Acute cholangitis

    9.2.3 Chronic cholangitis

    9.2.4 Lymphocytic cholangitis

    9.3 To rimember

    10 Bile and gallbladder diseases

    10.1 Bactibilia and septic cholecystitis

    10.2 Epithelial hyperplasia

    10.3 Gallbladder mucocele

    10.4 Limy bile syndrome

    10.5 Biliary sludge

    10.6 Neoplastic diseases of gallbladder

    10.7 Other gallbladder diseases

    10.8 To remember

    11 Ethiological agents

    11.1 Virus

    11.2 Bacteria

    11.3 Protozoa

    11.4 Fungi

    11.5 Parasites

    11.6 To remember

    12 Neoplastic lesions of the hepatic parenchyma

    12. 2 Nodular lesions of epithelial origins

    12.2.1 Nodular hyperplasia

    12.2.2 Hepatocellular adenoma

    12.2.3 Hepatocellular carcinoma

    12.2.4 Cholangioma

    12.2.5 Cholangiocellular carcinoma

    12.2.6 Other nodular lesions of biliary origins

    12.2.7 Hepatic carcinoid

    12.2.8 Hepatoblastoma

    12.3 Nodular lesions of mesenchymal origin

    12.3.1 Malignant mesenchymal neoplasms

    12.4 Nodular lesions of hematopoietic origin

    12.4.1. Myelolipoma

    12.4.2. Large-cell hepatic lymphoma

    12.4.3 Small cell lymphoma

    12.4.4. LGL lymphoma

    12.4.5 Epitheliotropic lymphoma

    12.4.6 Other types of hepatic lymphoma

    12.4.7. Malignant histiocytic neoplasms

    12.4.8. Mast cell tumor

    12.4.9 Hepatic splenosis

    12.5 Liver metastasis

    12.6 Criteria for the selection of sampling methods of liver nodular lesions

    12.7 To remember

  • Carlo Masserdotti

    Graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 1990 at the University of Milan. From 1993 his interest was mainly focused on clinical pathology, particularly in diagnostic cytopathology, attending specialistic courses and references institutions in Italy and in foreign countries. He is author of scientific papers concerning cytopathology and he had some lectures at national and international meetings. From 1998 he is teacher and lecturer at course of Cytology, organized by SCIVAC. From 2001 to 2004 he was President of SICIV (Italian Society of Veterinary Cytology). From 2003 to 2006 he was Vice-president of European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. In 2005 he received the de-facto recognition as Diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. In 2008 achieves post-graduate Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, at the University of Brescia. Actually he is consultant in anatomic and clinical pathology at IDEXX Laboratories. His researchs was mainly focused on cytologic features of spontaneous tumors and inflammatory diseases of companion animals; actually the scientific interest is mainly in hepatic cytology and histopathology. His personal hobby is triathlon, preferably on the long distances; he loves whales as greatest expression of grace.

Veterinary Clinics of North America
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