3D Ophthalmology in Dogs

1. Physiological anatomy

Structure and function of the eye and its adnexa

2. Eyelids

Entropion

Ectropion

Masses

Blepharitis

Chalazion

Distichia

Ectopic cilia

Lacerations

Plasties

Pseudoptosis

3. Tear

Quantitative keratoconjunctivitis sicca: causes

Neurogenic keratitis sicca

Quantitative keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Nasolacrimal duct stenosis and obstruction

Obstruction of the duct

Dacryocystitis

4. Nictitating membrane and conjunctiva

Prolapsed nictitating membrane gland

Everted cartilage

Plasmoma and chronic superficial keratitis

Nictitating membrane neoplasms

Lacerations

Nictitating membrane protrusion and prolapse

5. Cornea

Ulcers

Superficial corneal ulcers

Ulcers with detached edges

Deep and perforated corneal ulcers

Melting corneal ulcers (collagenolytic)

Corneal laceration

Corneal sequestration

Feline eosinophilic keratitis

Pigmentary keratitis

Corneal dystrophies

Corneal degenerations

6. Uvea

Unilateral uveitis

Endogenous uveitis

Infectious causes of uveitis

Hypertensive uveitis

Uveal tumours

7. Glaucoma

Primary glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma

8. Lens

Cataracts

Genetic

Other causes of cataract

Lens luxation

Anterior

Posterior

Nuclear sclerosis

9. Retina, vitreous, and optic nerve

Vitreous degeneration

Vitritis

Retinal detachment

Retinal degeneration

Retinal haemorrhage

Chorioretinitis

Optic neuritis

Posterior segment tumours

10. Orbit

Orbital cellulitis and orbital

abscess

Orbital neoplasms

Orbital trauma

Proptosis

Autoimmune orbital myositis

11. Neuro-ophthalmology

Horner’s syndrome

Acute blindness of retinal

origin

Acute central blindness

Facial paralysis

12. Developmental diseases

Microphthalmia and anophthalmia

Eyelid and cornea colobomata

Anterior segment dysgenesis

Congenital cataracts

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis, and persistent hyaloid artery

Retinal dysplasia

Posterior segment colobomata

References

Fernando Laguna Sanz

Fernando Laguna Sanz earned a degree in veterinary medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain in 2009. After a period working as an emergency vet in Paris, he completed a general internship, then an ophthalmology internship at the Alfort National Veterinary School (France). From 2012 to 2015, Dr Laguna completed his European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ECVO) residency at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). He became a Diplomate of the ECVO in 2016.

He has written several publications in journals and presented work at international conferences. At present, Dr Laguna works in Madrid at the Puchol Veterinary Hospital, and the Optivet ophthalmology referral centre in Havant, England.

Fernando Sanz Herrera

Dr Sanz earned a degree in veterinary medicine from the University of Córdoba, Spain, and a postgraduate diploma in veterinary ophthalmology at the Complutense University of Madrid (1997). He complemented his education with internships at the Oftalvet Clinic (Mexico City), with Dr Gustavo Adolfo García, and the Long Island Veterinary Specialists (New York), with Dr John Sapienza.

He is a member of several national and international ophthalmological societies and a founding member of the first board of directors of the Spanish Society of Veterinary Ophthalmology (SEOVET), which he presided for 2 years. He is also certified in Ophthalmology by the Spanish Small Animal Veterinary Association (AVEPA), and a member of the European Network in Veterinary Ophthalmology and Animal Vision (REOVVA) working group.

Dr Sanz has presented material in several courses, workshops, and seminars on ophthalmology. In addition, he has authored and coauthored original work published in prestigious national and international journals. He cowrote the collection of books La Oftalmología en Colores (Ophthalmology in Colour), wrote a chapter on ophthalmology in La leishmaniosis canina: una visión práctica (Canine Leishmaniasis: A Practical Vision), authored the book Manual of Ophthalmology in the Dog, translated into English and Japanese, and the book Oftalmología veterinaria: procedimientos exploratorios y operaciones básicas (Veterinary Ophthalmology: Examination Procedures and Basic Surgical Techniques). In April 2008 he opened the Visionvet Veterinary Ophthalmology Clinic – the first ophthalmology referral centre in southern Spain – where he exercises his profession on a full-time basis.