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Cover image
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Title page
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Table of Contents
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Copyright
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Dedication
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Contributors
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Acknowledgments
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Chapter 1 Studying dolphin physiology
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Abstract
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The bottlenose dolphin
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Studies of stranded animals
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Studies of animals under human care
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Field studies of wild animals
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Animal-attached instrumentation
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Anatomy and physiology
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This book
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References
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Chapter 2 Energetic costs of rest and locomotion in dolphins
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Resting metabolic rate: An energetic baseline for aquatic living
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Energetic costs of swimming and diving
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Predicting free-ranging locomotory costs
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Concluding remarks
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References
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Chapter 3 Thermoregulation
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Abstract
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Introduction
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The role of size and morphology
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Appendages as thermal windows: Where morphology and physiology meet
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Blubber structure and its thermoregulatory function
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Energetic tradeoffs with thermoregulation
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Concluding remarks
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References
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Chapter 4 Muscles and movement
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Streamlining
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Propulsive muscles and tendons
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Speed
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Hydrodynamics
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Swimming kinematics
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Thrust generation
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Behavioral strategies for energy economy
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Maneuverability
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References
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Chapter 5 Cardiovascular physiology in dolphins and other cetaceans
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Abstract
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Cardiovascular anatomy and function
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Cardiovascular function during diving
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Blood O2 transport
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Summary
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References
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Chapter 6 Respiratory physiology in the dolphin and other whales
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Anatomy and structure
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Functional studies in dead animals
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Functional studies in live animals
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Future possibilities
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Glossary
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References
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Chapter 7 Diving physiology in dolphins and human
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Abstract
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Introduction to diving physiology
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The dive response
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Comparative perspectives of the diving response
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Hypoxia and acid-base disturbance
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Pressure effects
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Other considerations to minimize metabolic rate
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Conclusion
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References
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Chapter 8 Genetic and molecular adaptations
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Abstract
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Introduction
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From genotype to phenotype
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Future directions
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References
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Chapter 9 Neurophysiology
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Abstract
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Histology
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Shape and volume of the brain
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The cerebral cortex of whales and dolphins
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The cerebellum, the brainstem, and the spinal cord
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Motor systems
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Blood supply
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Functional organization of the cetacean central nervous system
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Anatomical techniques
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Physiological techniques
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The diving brain
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The unknowns of the cetacean nervous system
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Conclusion
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References
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Chapter 10 Sensory physiology in delphinids
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Vision
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Mechanoreception
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Electroreception
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Chemosensation
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Conclusions
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References
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Chapter 11 Kidneys and osmoregulation
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Do dolphins drink salt water?
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Feeding and fasting studies
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Loading experiments
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Renal endocrinology of dolphins
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Renal pathologies and toxicology
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Summary
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References
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Chapter 12 Reproductive physiology of dolphins
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Onset of sexual maturation
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Reproductive cycles
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Gestation and lactation
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Reproductive anomalies and abnormalities
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Contraception and assisted reproductive technologies
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External impacts on reproduction
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Ex-situ conservation applications
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References
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Chapter 13 Immunology
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Abstract
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Introduction to immunology
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Recent progress in cetacean immunology
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Immunology and stress
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Immunology and diving physiology
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Immunology and environmental contaminants
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Conclusions
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References
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Chapter 14 Human impacts on dolphins: Physiological effects and conservation
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Fishing activities
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Boat strikes and disturbance
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Pollution
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Climate change
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Concurrent and multiple threats
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References
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Index